Antti Revonsuo
Professor of Cognitive Neuroscience
School of Bioscience
Room G1246B
During my PhD project I initiated my three major lines of research that I have continued ever since:
- Theory and philosophy of consciousness,
- Neural mechanisms of consciousness, and
- Altered states of consciousness.
Main area of research
Consciousness research is a new multidisciplinary field of science that combines philosophy, psychology, and cognitive neuroscience in an attempt to understand what consciousness is, how it could be measured and studied scientifically, and what the biological and neural mechanisms underlying or enabling consciousness are. The major lines of my own research on consciousness are the following: 1) Theories of consciousness, 2) The cognitive and neural mechanisms of visual consciousness, and 3) Altered states of consciousness, in particular dreaming, hypnosis, and anesthesia.
Selected articles
Revonsuo A (2000) The Reinterpretation of Dreams: An evolutionary hypothesis of the function of dreaming. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 23 (6): 877-901. (PDF)
Koivisto M & Revonsuo A (2010) Event-related brain potential correlates of visual awareness. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews 34(6):922-34. (PDF)
Valli K & Revonsuo A (2009) The threat simulation theory in the light of recent empirical evidence—A Review. The American Journal of Psychology 122:17-38. (PDF)
Salminen-Vaparanta N, Koivisto M, Noreika V, Vanni S, Revonsuo A. (2012) Neuronavigated transcranial magnetic stimulation suggests that area V2 is necessary for visual awareness. Neuropsychologia. (PDF)
Långsjö JW, Alkire MT, Kaskinoro K, Hayama H, Maksimow A, Kaisti KK, Aalto S, Aantaa R, Jääskeläinen SK, Revonsuo A, Scheinin H. (2012) Returning from oblivion: imaging the neural core of consciousness. Journal of Neuroscience 32:4935-4943. (PDF)
Research
I have recently directed two research projects (both were funded by the Academy of Finland): “Neurophilosophy of Consciousness” (2006-2010) and “Neuroscience of Brainreading” (2008-2011). In these projects, we studied the neural mechanisms (using EEG and PET) of altered states of consciousness (especially dreaming) and the borderline between consciousness and the unconscious state by manipulating consciousness with anesthetic agents. Furthermore, I am currently supervising several PhD projects that are due to be finished during the next couple of years: Two on the neural mechanisms of visual consciousness, using EEG and neuronavigated TMS (PhD students Niina Salminen-Vaparanta and Henry Railo), and three on sleep, dreaming, nightmares, and other altered states (PhD students Valdas Noreika, Pilleriin Sikka, and Nils Sandman).
I started my research career by studying the cognitive deficits of neuropsychological patients (e.g. Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, Multiple Sclerosis) in the early 1990's at the Department of Neurology, University of Turku, Finland. Then I moved on to the Department of Philosophy and there started my PhD project on consciousness, which was the topic is had been interested in for years. During my PhD project I initiated my three major lines of research that I have continued ever since: 1) Theory and philosophy of consciousness, 2) Neural mechanisms of consciousness, and 3) Altered states of consciousness.
My PhD project was finished in 1995, after which I continued as a post-doctoral fellow, and started to build my own research group, called the Consciousness Research Group, at the Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Turku, Finland. In my post-doctoral research, I studied the content and function of dreaming, eventually leading to the publication of the Threat-Simulation Theory of dreaming in 2000 in the journal Behavioral and Brain Sciences, and also leading to the PhD project of Katja Valli on the empirical testing of this theory, published in 2008. We recently reviewed this research in our paper in the American Journal of Psychology, 2009.
I also supervised the PhD project of Sakari Kallio on hypnosis as an altered state of consciousness, published in 2003. Together with docent Mika Koivisto, we have studied the EEG correlates of visual consciousness and attention since 2003. This has led, in a series of published studies, to the discovery of the Visual Awareness Negativity (VAN), a novel ERP correlate of phenomenal visual consciousness. We recently summarized and reviewed this research in our paper in Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews in 2010.
My theoretical and philosophical approach to consciousness is called “biological realism” and I take consciousness to be a higher level of biological organization in the brain. Consciousness presents itself to us in our subjective experiences as a phenomenal world-simulation that we take to be the “real” world in both dreaming and wakefulness. My philosophy and theory of consciousness is presented and defended in my major theoretical monograph Inner Presence: Consciousness as a Biological Phenomenon (MIT Press 2006; paperback 2009).
Furthermore, I have systematically reviewed and evaluated the science of consciousness recently in another book Consciousness, The Science of Subjectivity (Psychology Press, 2010), which is aimed for students of consciousness research. Since 1998, I have also continuously served as one of the editors of the leading peer-reviewed journal in consciousness research, Consciousness and Cognition (Elsevier). My future plans include further studies on visual consciousness, dreaming, anesthesia, and theories of consciousness, which aim to elucidate some of the crucial theoretical questions about the nature and function of consciousness.
Scientific acknowledgments
(2008) The Henry Guze Award for Best Research Paper (The Society for Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis)
(2009) The “2008 Most Influential Bioelectromagnetics Journal Paper by Citation” – Award (The Bioelectromagnetics Society)
(2010) The “2009 Most Influential Bioelectromagnetics Journal Paper by Citation” – Award (The Bioelectromagnetics Society, 2010)
(1996) The Finnish Academy of Science, Award in recognition of a meritorious doctoral dissertation
(1996) The University of Turku, Award in recognition of a meritorious doctoral dissertation
Other media
Film about The threat-simulation theory (BBC Horizon: Why Do We Dream?)
Article in Psychology Today about The threat simulation theory
Education
Course Coordinator
Research
Publications
Projects
2025
NeuroImage
2025. Article.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2025.121168
British Journal of Anaesthesia
2025. Article. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bja.2024.09.032
2024
Neuroscience of Consciousness
2024. Article.
https://doi.org/10.1093/nc/niae031
Consciousness and Cognition
2024. Article.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2024.103720
Consciousness and Cognition
2024. Article.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2024.103651
Emotion
2024. Article.
https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0001255
2023
Dreaming (New York, N.Y.)
2023. Article. https://doi.org/10.1037/drm0000254
Journal of Neuroscience
2023. Article.
https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.2339-22.2023
Personality and Individual Differences
2023. Article.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2023.112378
British Journal of Anaesthesia
2023. Article.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bja.2023.04.026
2022
2021
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Ongoing projects
Ukraine war, well-being, dreaming and mind-wandering
The purpose of the study is to examine how the war in Ukraine has affected and continues to affect the well-being and content of mind-wandering of Finns, and how this, in turn, influences the content of their dreams.
March 2023 - March 2027 Systems BiologyFinished projects
Auditory and visual consciousness
The project focuses on the electrophysiological correlates of consciousness, and in particular investigates the auditory awareness negativity (AAN), the visual awareness negativity (VAN), and late positivity (LP), which all are event-related potential (ERP) waves and the main electrophysiological candidates for being robust correlates of perceptual consciousness.
January 2021 - January 1 Systems BiologyThe role of dreaming in waking emotion regulation
Dream emotions are hypothesized to reflect daytime feelings and concerns, assist waking emotion regulation, or be otherwise closely connected with waking emotional processing in several leading theories of dreaming. However, due to the scarcity of empirical research on this subject, whether or how dream emotions relate to waking emotion regulation remains to be elucidated.
January 2021 - January 1 Systems BiologyDreaming: phenomenology, correlates, and implications for well-being
“Why we dream” remains one of the biggest unanswered questions in science. In this project, we have set out to address this question by investigating the phenomenology, dynamics, and correlates of dream experiences.
January 2020 - January 1 Systems BiologyTheory and Philosophy of Consciousness
This project started back in the 1990's as the PhD and Post-Doc project of professor Antti Revonsuo. Its continuing aim has been to critically analyse the philosophical basis of the science of consciousness and the various philosophical and empirical theories of consciousness.
January 1990 - January 1 Systems Biology